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佰家富app代理2022-04-05

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中新网评:处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******

  中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称,将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对,企图将核污水“一倒了之”,把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。

资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。

  2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。

  日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。

  日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。

  事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。

  因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。

  日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。

  《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。

  德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。

  日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。

  国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。

  太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。

  Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business

  By John Lee

  (ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.

  Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.

  The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.

  On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.

  The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.

  In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.

  Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.

  The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.

  The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.

  The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.

  According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.

  As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.

  However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.

  Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.

  The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.

  If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.

 

  • 人工智能专利助力智慧城市建设与转型******

      近日,国家工业信息安全发展研究中心、工信部电子知识产权中心发布了《AI创新链产业链融合发展赋能数字经济新时代—中国人工智能专利技术分析报告(2022)》(以下简称“报告”)。报告显示,随着人工智能、大数据、5G、物联网等新一代信息技术的快速发展和应用,从交通到文旅,从安防到家居,人工智能等新一代信息技术正在逐渐改变着人们的生活,也使智慧城市的建设得以实现,并正逐渐向数字化、智能化新模式发展。

      截至2022年9月,我国智慧城市领域申请AI相关专利共计18万余件,其中发明专利占比约90%,主要涉及知识图谱、计算机视觉、大数据、自然语言处理、智能语音和智能云等相关AI技术。报告显示,百度公司、腾讯公司、国家电网、平安科技专利申请数量均超过1900件,形成了一定的专利技术产业化竞争力。与此同时,浙江大学、清华大学两所高校在该领域表现也较为突出,在智慧城市领域的AI专利申请量均达900余件,通过产学研联合发力,为智慧城市领域创新链的发展提供全新的维度和方案。

      图1 中国智慧城市AI专利申请量和授权量

      报告显示,依据“创造力”、“保护力”、“运用力”、“竞争力”、“影响力”五大指标维度对智慧城市AI技术的主要创新主体进行高价值专利及其创新驱动力评价,我国企业申请人优势明显,有7家企业和3所国内一流高校得分相对较高,足见该领域人工智能技术产业端应用相对较为成熟。

      在企业层面,我国一批互联网、科技企业表现较为突出,通过人工智能技术的研发积累,在各自领域为赋能智慧城市建设奠定了坚实的技术基础,推动了其智慧城市产品的开发和应用。百度公司主要围绕计算机视觉、自然语言处理、知识图谱等多个AI基础技术领域进行专利布局,与北京市海淀区携手打造的“海淀城市大脑”,依托飞桨深度学习平台,构建兼容异构算力设备和多元算法模型的AI计算中心,提供基础算力和算法资源的统一集中管理、按需分配,支撑了50余个城市管理领域的AI应用创新。腾讯公司则瞄准数字政务、城市治理、城市决策和产业互联等相关技术领域布局专利,与长沙市依托“WeCity未来城市”平台,联手打造长沙智慧城市能力核心——“长沙城市超级大脑”,支撑全市各级各部门数据需求,快速支撑人工智能场景,以标准化、智能化方式提升各级政府办事、办公效率。国家电网主要围绕电力管理与检测领域技术进行专利布局,其推出的“智慧城市大脑”综合应用服务产品,以电力数据为核心、融合汇聚城市经济、人口、楼市等多元化城市数据,持续推进城市经济监测分析、人口流动分析、疫情影响监测分析、住宅空置监测分析等智能场景的部署运营。华为公司主要围绕计算机视觉、自然语言处理等多个AI基础技术领域进行专利布局,其参与的数字福州建设,通过构建共性能力平台,赋能各垂直部委信息化系统建设,在减少重复性建设投资的同时,发挥数据融合价值,加速智慧城市建设。

      在高校创新端,我国一批国内重点高校表现突出,研究领域涉及智能感知、安防监控、数据管理、城市规划、智慧政务、灾害模拟等,通过产学研合作,建立联合实验室、创新平台和创新中心,与企业开展共同研发,校企联合发力,共同攻关,赋能我国智慧城市试点建设,为城市管理构建成熟的“智慧大脑”与完整的“神经网络”,推动城市管理各环节的互联互通,助力未来城市建设发展模式的深刻变化。浙江大学重点围绕城乡规划、社会综治、数据治理等应用领域进行专利布局,并于2010年与国脉互联公司联合成立我国首个“智慧城市研究中心”,校企联合共同推动我国智慧城市快速发展。清华大学围绕深度学习、计算机视觉等技术领域布局专利,2019年与广联达公司共建“数字城市实验室”,共同推动新型智慧城市建设。

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